Adopting a life-cycle perspective, this chapter explores a number of the key methodological issues that must be resolved to include other determinants of optimal portfolios for retirement, such as other sources of retirement income, volatility of labor earnings, and potential correlations between financial and labor markets. The methods proposed are then used to develop a simple model that is calibrated to deliver quantitative estimates of an optimal portfolio allocation for DC pension funds of various characteristics and evaluate the sensitivity of the asset allocation within this portfolio to variations of the parameters from which it is derived. The discussion then addresses practical issues in the application of a theoretically optimal portfolio by considering whether the cost of implementation is likely to be associated with commensurate welfare gains, and it concludes by proposing a welfare-based performance metric.